What is the most useful Excel function? What are the basic Excel formulas? What is basic formula? What are three parts of a formula in Excel? Which is an example of a formula? How do you explain a formula? What is 3D formula give an example? What is 3D function in Excel? What is the PMT function in Excel? What makes a spreadsheet software program unique is its ability to calculate values using mathematical formulas and the data in cells.
An example of how a spreadsheet may be utilized is creating an overview of your bank's balance. Below is a basic example of what a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet looks like, with all the important features of a spreadsheet highlighted. In the above example, this spreadsheet is listing three different checks, the date, their description, and the value of each check. Because the terms spreadsheet, workbook, and worksheet are so similar, there often is confusion when trying to understand their differences.
When you open Microsoft Excel a spreadsheet program , you're opening a workbook. A workbook can contain one or more different worksheets that are accessed through the tabs at the bottom of the worksheet your currently viewing. What's often most confusing is that a worksheet is synonymous with a spreadsheet.
In other words, a spreadsheet and worksheet mean the same thing. However, most people only refer to the program as a spreadsheet program and the files it creates as spreadsheet files or worksheets. Today, Microsoft Excel is the most popular and widely used spreadsheet program, but there are also many alternatives. Below is a list of spreadsheet programs used to create a spreadsheet. Although spreadsheets are most often used with anything containing numbers, the uses of a spreadsheet are almost endless.
Below are some other popular uses of spreadsheets. Spreadsheets are ideal for financial data, such as your checking account information, budgets, taxes, transactions, billing, invoices, receipts, forecasts, and any payment system. Form templates can be created to handle inventory, evaluations, performance reviews, quizzes, time sheets, patient information, and surveys.
Teachers can use spreadsheets to track students, calculate grades, and identify relevant data, such as high and low scores, missing tests, and students who are struggling. Businesses use spreadsheets in ways that are suited to their own services, but these uses tend to fall into a few general categories. The primary purpose of a spreadsheet is to store data in a structured way. Data values are entered into cells in a worksheet. These data values can be formatted using various categories of data types, including numerical and textual types.
The cells in a worksheet can refer to other cells, using the location of a cell within the rows and columns in the sheet. Individual parts of a worksheet can be contained within tables, with a single worksheet potentially holding a range of information sets. Spreadsheet programs such as Excel provide templates for common business tasks, such as expenses recording.
Once a spreadsheet has some data values in it, you can perform various analytical tasks on this data. This includes mathematical functions, such as adding or counting values. This formula tells the spreadsheet to divide the number of homicides involving firearms in F6 by the total number of homicides that year F5. So firearm related homicides were about two thirds of the total number of homicides in Good… so far.
But, you might then try to apply this same formula to the cells for the other types of weapons by dragging the crosshairs, as we did in the previous example.
The problem is that when the spreadsheet copies a formula using this method, it shifts the letters for both cells in the original formula F6 and F5 as it applies that formula to other cells resulting in F7 divided by F6 in the next cell down.
To fix this, we need to force the spreadsheet to always divide the numbers for each type of weapon used by a constant number — the total number of homicides in cell F5. This is called anchoring the cell in our formula, and force the spreadsheet always to use one cell each time. The dollar signs tell Excel to always keep anchored on cell F5 and the data in it when applying this formula to other cells.
For example, in our example spreadsheet on weapons used in homicides, what if you wanted to know the total number of homicides in which did not include a firearm? To calculate that, you could add up the numbers in rows 12 to 21 for each year using the SUM formula. To use the SUM formula to calculate the number of non-firearm-related homicides in rows 12 to 21, first click on cell:. A range has two cell references separated by a colon. Ranges can even span multiple row or multiple columns, and can be used in numerous formulas.
You also can add up select numbers in a column, rather than a span of them, using the SUM formula. To do that, in the SUM formula you replace the colon with commas to separate the specific cells you want to total up.
Thus if you wanted to total up only the number of homicides in in which either poison cell B15 or narcotics cell B18 was involved, you would type this formula. This would mean adding cells B6 through F6.
Now you can click the cells you want to be referenced, and they will be auto-populated into the formula. You can click-and-drag to specify a range, or click and hold down the shift key and click another cell. To specify specific cells to add without making it a range, you should hold down the command key Mac or Control key PC and click all the cells you want.
In our spreadsheet on the types of weapons used in homicides, for example, what if we wanted to know the average number of firearm-related homicides each year between and cells B6 to F6. One advantage to Google spreadsheets is that it is designed to work with the Web. Specific functions allow you to load data dynamically directly from a website. CSV files comma separated values can be imported directly into a spreadsheet from anywhere on the Web.
CSV is one of the most common data formats and can be found with a simple Google search. For sample data, we will use a piece of crime data from UC Berkeley in hosted on Github. Click the small plus button at the bottom of our workbook document:.
Many files will not be this clean and may require cleanup. Governments regularly update CSV files on their servers. This may happen frequently with certain files such as election results. In the previous example, you might have noticed the date and time columns display these strange numbers which should be dates and times of each crime.
Raw cell data for a time value is the number of days since Jan 1, and may even be different when using Microsoft Excel. We can easily adjust this by changing the cell format. Tables can frequently be imported directly from a Web page into a spreadsheet. Note: This example will tie into the next section on charts, so we use it for convenience. However, we do not advocate using data from Wikipedia in any production sense.
Always vet and corroborate data directly from the source when used in journalism. The third parameter is which table element we should find, in case there are multiple.
Live data from Google finance can be imported into your spreadsheet. The data updates automatically every time the spreadsheet is loaded. Quotes can have up to a 20 minute delay, which is common for financial data. The initials at the beginning of the parentheses are stock ticker symbols.
You can find the symbol for any stock at Google Finance. The same function can be used to load historic data.
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